INTRODUCTION
The following essays on Japan are united around a common question of relevance for all anthropologists: what is a country? In attempting to survey literature specific to different aspects involved in answering this concern--such as history, religion, politics, social and cultural themes, and contemporary issues--it is important to begin with the physical characteristics of the Japanese archaepelago. Not only have certain key geographical elements been instrumental in combining with historical forces shaping Japanese culture and society, they continue to exert a powerful, contemporary, and often times unsettling influence upon the psyches of the Japanese in ways that nothing else does.

This inner anxiety is persistent due to the extreme volatility of Japan's membership in the Pacific "ring of fire" grouping of slipping tectonic plates. Hall and Beardsley (1965) mention that 52 out of 194 of Japan's volcanoes have been active in historical time, and that the country experiences on the average of 1500 earthquakes each year or a tenth of the earth's seismic energy. Tokyo, devastated in 1923 by the Great Kanto earthquake, has led the world in new architectural technology designed to withstand 8.0 tremors, and scarcely a week goes by without some part of Japan reporting a fearsome encounter with the geologic forces beneath.


--John Nelson, Formerly Japan Faculty, UT Austin

Origins of the Japanese

Physical and Cultural Geographies

Religious and Folk Geographies

Religion, History, and the State

Japan:Culture and Society

Contemporary Issues in Japanese Society


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