EXISTENTIALISM

"Existence before essence."

(The lived life is prior to--and more important than--any idea or explanation.)


Existentialist themes:

1. anti-rationalism

Rational systems diminish the nobility and the integrity of the individual. To accept an idea of oneself is to live as a stereotype.

2. individuality & radical contingency

3. making meaning for oneself

4. (criterionless) choice & responsibility

5. the absurdity of the human condition


J. P. Sartre in Being and Nothingness says:

"Consciousness is a hole in being."

Radical dualism: self and world.

Criticism of Freud, in particular, and science, in general, in attempting to explain individual consciousness and action.