Veda (as early as 1200 BCE):
polytheism
henotheism
Upanishads (as early as 800 BCE):
non-dualism (Advaita Vedanta)
Indian theism (theistic Vedanta)
Gita (c. 200 BCE):
Indian theism
Samkhya
Advaita
Advaita:
(1) Brahman, the non-dual Absolute, known
(a) in mystical sublation &
(b) as making possible everyday self-awareness;
(2) things as distinct from Brahman are unreal (maya)
Indian theism:
(1) creation, which is real, is a manifestion (sarga) of God;
(2) the individual self is in one sense identical and in another distinct from God;
(3) avatara theory (Divine incarnations)
Samkhya (Analysis):
(1) a dualism of
(a) many individual conscious beings or persons (purusa) and
(b) a single Nature (prakrti), comprised of strands (guna)
(2) enlightenment coming from disidentification