RUNNING GLOSSARY

For a fuller glossary complete with diacritics, see the “Perception” chapter glossary of Gangesa’s JEWEL OF REFLECTION ON THE TRUTH (ABOUT EPISTEMOLOGY). Requires Acrobat Reader.

Sept. 4:

pramana: “source of knowledge,” generator of veridical awareness; justifier; there are four such sources according to Nyaya, perception, inference, analogy, and testimony

pramanya: “veridicality,” truth

jnana: “cognition,” awareness

samskara: “memory disposition,” subliminal activator, memory trace

visaya: object of cognition

visayata: objecthood, intentionality, a cognition’s directedness to the thing it is about, said by Nyaya philosophers to have three parts, see immediately below

visesya: the qualificandum that an cognition cognizes, a property-bearer

visesana: qualifier

prakara: a qualifier as presented in consciousness, “predication content”

vaisistya (sambandha-avacchedaka-visayata): the relation portion of a cognition’s objecthood, the relation binding the qualifier to the qualificandum with regard to cognition of an entity as qualified

dharma: property (synonym of ‘visesana’)

dharmin: property-bearer

ullekha: explicit mention or presentation

Nyaya: “Logic,” a prominent classical Indian school, running from the Nyaya-sutra (c. 200 CE) on to include the latest (and in some judgments) most refined and sophisticated philosophy expressed in Sanskrit, called Navya Nyaya, “New Logic” (1300 +)

Sept. 18:

anvaya: method of positive correlation (Hb,Sb; Hc,Sc; Hd,Sd . . .) in support of cognition of pervasion (x) (Hx -> Sx)

vyatireka: method of negative correlation (~He,~Se; ~Hf,~Sf; ~Hg,~Sg . . . ) in support of cognition of pervasion (x) (Hx -> Sx).

bhuyo-darsana: repeated experience (of correlation)

sva-rupa-a-siddhi: the fallacy of pseudo-inference where the paksa, or inferential subject, is known in advance to be ~Ha, i.e., known in advance not to exhibit a putative probans; the "unestablished probans with respect to the (known) nature of the inferential subject"; e.g., "Because there is smoke on yonder lake."